不管您是使用金屬刀、木刀、竹劍，千萬要在平時養成好習慣：招架時不要以刀刃硬接。莫忘記苗刀的第一假設，永遠要假設你的兵器材質比較爛。
No matter what kind of meterials of your weapons, always assume your weapons suck. This picture is a bad example that you should never use the blade to catch or defense. Please make this rule as your instinct.
這就是為什麼。…而且沒被砸斷成兩斷，已經是幸運的了。
And this is why, this still counts fortunate for it's not broken yet.
所以一般面對敵械的重力劈砍(敵人未必也拿苗刀，有可能是巨斧、重錘、大槍)，而需要招架之時，通常苗刀會以左式的刀背碰磕、以彈開敵械，不然就是右圖，垂下刀尖成陡坡、以刀身接觸。
Instead of Blade-To-Blade contact(you enemy might use MD, or something else like Axes, Maces, or Long Spears), MD user'd use the back to knock & bounce out enemy's weapon as left pic, or tilt down the tip to form a steep slope, let the body contact.
但大原則仍然是盡量不承受敵械的力道，不要給對方有可以借力的支點。
The principle is to recieve as less impact as possible, otherwise your enemy'd use the fulcrum & response back to you very quickly.
這個配合苗刀一路的雙人基本練習，就是「正手掛+劈」。防禦一方要將後手提高，要將刀尖下垂、讓刀身成為陡坡，不讓敵刀重劈之力扎實地落在己刀上，並且走順時鐘把位、用步法卸掉對方的力量。
以「掛刀法」化解來勁，是標準的刀法技巧。
This is one of the two-men fundamental training in MD's Section 1: "Forehand Gua(Hanging Up) + Chopping". You need to drop the tip down & form a steep slope, therefore enemy's chopping won't efficiently impact your weapon. Walking on a clockwise circular path will help to reduce enemy's power also.
"Gua(Hanging Up)" is one of the major defensive techniques in Sabers.
然後這個是「反手掛+劈」。原理與前面的正手掛刀一樣，只是改走逆時鐘把位會比較順。
不論是正手掛刀、或反手掛刀，內在的化勁體感是，你用苗刀作防禦時，要感覺「彷彿這是一面盾牌」，兩部示範影片，諸位演練者都略能表現這個卸勁的感覺。
This is "Backhand Gua(Hanging Up) + Chopping". Walking on a countter-clockwise circular path will be easier to resolve the power.
Either Forehand Gua or Backhand Gua, the trick is sensing your internal coordination: As if you were using a shield to eliminate your enemy's force. In both demos all of our members can reach this requirement.
如前面文章所提及，苗刀的技巧包括刀法、槍法、與劍法。刀法多以大幅度的劃圓路線為主，而槍、劍法看起來多直刺，實則是以軸心螺旋擰轉，作為攻擊、化勁的技巧。
As we mentioned in previous articles, Miao Dao contains the techniques of Saber's, Spear's & Swords. Saber's movements tend to be big circular paths, and twisting the axles & thrusting out are the major methods in spears and swords, for either defense or offense.
所以我們接下來要介紹的，是傳統槍法的核心技巧之一：黑鷂。如照片由左到右所示，當您擰轉兵器的中軸，動作到最後，是手心朝下、手背朝上，因為手背比較黑，而執兵器的手(雙手兵器以前手為準)，看起來像老鷹(說實在我覺得一點都不像)，故命名為黑鷂。
那麼為何我們不以順時鐘、逆時鐘命名？嘿、幾百年前中土沒有時鐘，而且如果作戰中左右手換把，描述會變得很複雜。
This is one of the major techniques in Spear: Black Bird/Black Hawk. As seen from left to right, after you twist the axle of the long spear(it's the front hand counts), in the end your palm faces down and Opisthenar(the back of the hand) faces up, is called Black Bird.
It's because the back of hands are tanning color comparing to palms, and they think the frontal hand looks like a bird(which I don't think so).
Then why don't we name those twisting direction as clockwise/counter-clockwise? It'll be very compicated to describe the situation if you switch left/right hands in applications. Beside, there's no clock hundreds years ago in China.
劍法也有纏攪的軸心動作，如果動作結束時(左至右)，是手背朝上，那麼我們也命名為黑鷂。
There are axles twisting moves in sword as Stirring also. If it ends up as opisthenar facing up, then it's Black Bird, too.
所以與前面相反，不論槍、劍、苗刀，軸心擰轉結束時是手掌向上，則稱為白鷂。
Hence White Bird/White Hawk means the Palm facing up in the end of axles twisting move. This applies to spear, sword or MD.
黑鷂、白鷂的概念，也可以應用於徒手武術。例如楊式太極的「搬攔捶」，是白鷂+黑鷂+直拳；劈掛掌基本四路「劈、抱、撐、靠」，劈抱是「刀法」，劈是立圓、抱是平圓；撐靠是「槍、劍法」，撐是黑鷂、靠是白鷂。
The concept of Black Bird/White Bird can also applied to bared-hand kung-fu: In Yang's Tai-Chi, "Ban Lan Chui" is white bird+black bird+punch. In Pi-Gua Palm basic 4 "Cutting, Hugging, Stretching, Striking", Cutting & Hugging are Sabers' techniques as vertical and horizontal circle. Stretching is Black Bird, Striking is White Bird.
這是第三項雙人循環對練「提+劈」，下劈之勢就是黑鷂。
This is the 3rd 2 Men Loop-Practice "Ti (Lifting Up) + Pi (Chopping)", the path from Ti to Pi is Black Bird.
「提」與「掛」雖外型類似，但掛是完全放掉骨幹，藉以讓敵勁流泄掉；但是提是有骨幹的，你要以全身的功架、讓敵械被主動導引流向，彷彿你的兵器上有長鉤子。
Ti & Gua look very alike, the differences are Gua let go the structure & make the force sliding down itself, but Ti remains the structure by your whole body, to guide the force going to a certain direction you want it to go, as if there were a hook on your weapon.
劈的動作，發勁法與形意拳的劈拳一樣，要以身體重心前壓、跟步跟上，而非以臂力蠻幹。在螳螂拳的套路「力劈」，也有一個撲面掌的動作，發力方法雷同。
Pi's(Chopping) power is like the Cutting Punch(Pi) in Xing-Yi system, also like the Crushing Face Palm in the form of "Li-Pi" in Praying Mantis.
劈刀落點的瞬間，雙手雙臂要有如用力擰毛巾一樣，瞬間用力，這樣可以增加砍斷物體的銳利。不只是劈砍的動作，直刺也需要應用這個手法。
The very moment when your blade gonna land of the object, you have to lock & twist your arms and hands tightly, as you dry up a wet towel. This technique can sharpen your impact. The trick applies in thrusting also.
在此我也示範一次較正確的「提+劈」。不論是防禦的提、攻擊的劈，我的發力化勁，都是以身體重心(丹田)的前壓與後坐來操作。與前面一樣動作的影片所不同的是，我的尖刃所劃的月牙(尚不成圓形的弧線)，始終佔據內圓；而學員的尖刃，則被我格拒在外圓，這表示我佔上風。
Here I demo the same 2 men loop-practice of "Ti + Pi". I use my weight center(Dan-Tian) to press forward & withdraw backward, not by arms. You can see my weapon's tip always occupy the inner circle and the other tip was guided onto outer circle. This means I get higher-hand.
並不是我的力量特別大而能取勝，而是我知道利用「槓桿原理」，省力地撥開對方兵器，也可以讓發勁更有效率地灌注。
It's not because I have greater power to win, but I take advantage from "Leverage Principle", which let me efficiently adding power to enemy & eliminate his coming force.
所以這裡介紹另一個以軸心纏攪為技巧的概念：兵器有刃的部份，可以被三等份，靠近柄的1/3叫作「根」，中間的1/3部份叫「腰」，靠近尖刃的1/3叫作「頭」。
There is an important concept in weapons fighting, specially the axles-stirring type techniques: The length of the weapon can be divided into 3 area. The 1/3 area close to handle called "Root/(R)", the middle area called "Waist/(W)", and the 1/3 area close to tip called "Head/(H)"
如果接觸的支點是根位，那麼我的力量可以更有效灌注，因為力臂較短(距離我的前手近)；如果接觸的支點在頭位，那麼我要費更多的力量來作一樣的功，因為力臂變長(距離我的前手遠)。
If the contact point/fulcrum is on my Root area, my leverage arm is shorter(closer to my front hand), so it's saving power for me. If the contact point/fulcrum is on my Head area, my leverage arm is longer(far away from my front hand), then I need to waist more strength to make the same effect.
所以除了聽勁能力，以及與兵器聯結的整勁以外，槓桿原理在纏攪技巧(以及黑鷂/白鷂)發揮了很大的效率：由左至右的照片，左方主化勁，他先用腰對腰，然後是腰對頭，再來就能很省力地化勁、或是換邊攻擊，又變成腰對腰。
Except your own basic King-Fu ability, you need to have the "Ting-Jin"(Sense the Power), the Wholistic body coordination to your weapon, the principle of leverage offer you a lot of advantage in Stirring Techniques(including Black Bird/White Bird).
From left to right in this picture: Left side is about to resolve power or change side, firstly Waist to Waist, then Root to Head, finally Waist to Waist.
所以請您再翻回去看前面我所貼的兩個影片，兩位學員對練的「Ti + Pi (1/2)」，兩個人的竹劍，接觸始終是腰對腰，所以在攻佔內圓上看起來很吃力。而我所演練的「Ti + Pi(2/2)」，我可以很輕鬆地佔到內圓而不怎麼費力，是因為我的接觸支點，一直是滑動的。
Please go back to the 2 demos I posted previously: In "Ti + Pi(1/2)", those 2 members' contact point/fulcrum is always Waist to Waist, this makes them wasting strength to Lift & Chop. However in my demo "Ti + Pi(2/2)", I actively slide my contact point/fulcrum to have inner circle very easy.
這是苗刀一路最後一個基礎雙人循環練習「纏攪+刺」，影片裡面可以看到，兩位學員的接觸支點，是有滑動的，因此流暢感大增。
This is the last 2 men loop-practice of MD section 1 "Stirring + Thrusting". You can see their contact points/fulcrums are sliding, and it's much smoother.
理論上，初學者聽勁與整勁不足，所以應該採取退步「根對頭」以化勁，化勁或換邊後，變成「腰對頭」，在力距與力臂上，始終佔優勢，心理上也會比較篤定。但如果熟練之後，可以採取退步「腰對根」，然後變成「腰對腰」，滑動的距離會大幅縮短，速度也會變快。
Theoretically, beginner should use "Root to Head" to reduce power or change side by withdrawing steps, then "Waist to Head" to take leverage advantage, because it build up their confidence in both physically & psychologically. After they are proficiently, they need to progress to "Waist to Root" then "Waist to Waist", this will shorten the sliding length & act faster.
如果您不知道裡面的訣竅，而遇到高手的換招卸力、動作極快，會誤以為對方是直接以「腰對腰」作轉換，其實只是他轉換的速度快、距離短，所以看不到支點滑動而已。
If you do not know this trick, you might meet a master who seems to use "Waist to Waist" directly, actually he'd just shorten the distance & move quickly before you'd observe.
本文最後，小弟與本館年輕俊彥的助理教練懇杜大人，示範我自己編創的苗刀一路雙人對練。我演練的是敵方，而懇杜大人練的是正常套路。因為今天我們才正式教完對練套路，所以演練不熟，在高手們面前獻醜了。
At the end of this article, the demo is our young & talented assistant coach Mr. Kendu to show you the 2 men MD Sec. 1 form, which is designed by myself. We just finish this 2 men set today, please pardon our unproficiency.
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