為了方便日後的教學，我決定將未來一年(2014)的苗刀課程紀錄，寫成標準作業流程，讓習藝的學員能確保一定的武藝品質，也方便日後教苗刀的教練們，可以作個參考，以控制教學進度，以及品管的認定。
For the future convenience of instructions, I decide to write down a Standard Operating Procedure about my 2014 Miao-Dao classes. This can help our future instructors manage their MD classes & quality control.
本門的「四路苗刀」，以我有限所知，是來自形意拳大師尹千合客座時傳授的，後來流傳至國內外各分部。苗刀通常是本門學習的第一個兵器套路，因為它原始的設計，包括了刀法、槍法、劍法在裡面，因此適合初學者第一次接觸操作器械，並過渡到各個兵器的精修。
As my knowledge, "4 Sections of Miao-Dao" in WT system was taught by a Xing-Yi Master Yin, Qian-He, who used to teach in Headquarter WT as a guest professor 30~40 years ago. Because MD applies 3 major weapons' techeniques: Saber, Spear & Sword, it's good for no weapon-fighting expereince beginners adapt and further research for the other weapons.
我未來傳授的方式，並非老式教學，先依序教完四路，然後再教應用方式。我計劃是每三個月只教一路，並且同時練習應用法。在商言商，苗刀畢竟是初學者的套路，而初學者流動性又特別高；站在開武館的人的立場，我怕你幾個禮拜練完單人套路就不來了，也怕你自以為會個兩下子，出去打架、因練習時間過短而打輸，丟我們門派的臉。
所以我想到的這種流程，可以確保僅只在我的上課時間(每週2小時)，12週內、你會練足某一路的單人套路，至少600~700遍，雙人對練的時數會超過6~7小時。…每一季只教一路，練完了就不再在課堂複習，但我會負責把套路、用法，刻到你的骨頭裡。
Unlike the traditional way to teach MD, one section by another then the applications, I decide to teach one section only in every 3 months , also include the application at the same period. MD is a beginners' form and beginners have a higher turn-over rate, concentrate on one section will ensure their Kung-Fu quality in case they might leave in the middle, to maintain a certain level both in one-man form & fighting skill.
Therefore in 12 week's training, I'm talking about only in my 2 hours class every week, students will practice one section form for 600~700 times & 2 men fighting for 6~7 hours. Even though after each season we'll not practice the previous section, but this intensive training will go deep to their bones.
讓我們先統一教學上所需要的專有名詞，以免未來課程傳遞上，一代一代用語不同，產生不必要的誤解與混亂。
Let's standardise all the terminology we gonna use, in order to prevent confusions & mistakes in the future.
苗刀是單邊有刃的器械，如照片所示的各種近似器具(嚴格來說這些都不是標準苗刀，本文貼的第一張照片才是)，照片中每一柄器械，朝照片上方的叫「刀刃」，朝下的一面叫「刀背」，扁平的所有部份則叫作「刀身」，手握住的地方叫「刀柄」，刀身與刀柄間、有時會有護手的「刀環」。
Miao-Dao is a one-blade weapon as the picture about shown(more accurately, neither of them is a standard MD but the first pic I post in this article). The side points up in the picture called "Blade", the other side we call "Back". The whole flat parts are called "Body", and the part you hold is "Handle". Some designs will have circular-shape hand-protection called "Ring".
另外一提，我們的苗刀課程，規定是一把日式劍道竹劍，作為雙人對練用的，另外要一柄重刀作重量訓練、單人練習套路用的，可以用金屬刀、也可以用厚重的木槳刀。當然您得選擇長度、重量都合適稱手的，不要太迷信越重越好。
In my MD class, everyone needs a Japanese Kendo bamboo sword for 2 men fighting training, and another heavy one for one man form practice, could be either wooden or metal meterial since it's heavy enough. You have to find proper weapons fitting youself perfectly in length & weight both, don't consider the heavier the better.
萬一您不知道的話，提醒一下：日式竹劍上有一條繩線，除了用來穩定束縛的竹片，它也代表了「刀背」，所以另外一面才是「刀刃」。在劍道比賽時，竹劍刀刃部擊中對手有效部位，才能算擊中，用其他的部位劈中，都是不計分的。
In case you didn't know this: There is a rope fixed and stabalized the whole bamboo pieces, this rope indicates the "Back", the opposite side is considered the "Blade". You have to use the blade part to make an effective impact to get points.
苗刀是雙手持握的器械，所以會有左右順背之分，本系列所有的圖文，以及我的苗刀班成員，全部都是右撇子，所以如果您是左撇子，得勞駕您自行調整成相反的方向。
Miao-Dao is holden by both hands, hence it'll be a left-right direction difference. All my MD class members and I are right-handed and my future MD's series articles will show for right-handed also, apology for inconvenience if you are left-handed.
以右撇子為例，右手在上、貼近刀環處，虎口對準刀背而成一直線。在苗刀的各種動作中，前手通常是握緊而固定不動的、少有例外。
As a right-handed: your right hand should hold on the top, close and tightly to the ring area. The snuff-box of your hand aims to the back line. Your front hand should hold tightly and fixed, we rarely move the front hand position in MD's application.
但握在刀柄尾端的後手就不一樣了：因動作的順逆，有時反手刀交錯，可以略微放開，而且虎口與刀背的連線，可以或左或右的鬆開，未必時時都得瞄準中線。甚至在直刺、櫓刀、崩刀的時候(以後行文會介紹)，可以只以掌心托抵住刀柄末端，未必要五指完全牢牢抓住刀柄。
However, the back hand is not necessary to hold the handle tightly all the time. In some crossing angles, you might even need to lose the back hand, & snuff-box might deviate away from back center line, either left or right. Or in some techniques as Thrusting, Paddling, and Bouncing(we'll explain those in the future article), we'd use palm-pressing at the end of the handle instead of grabbing tightly.
因為苗刀有左右陰陽之分，在傳統武術名詞，命名不是很清楚的狀況下，所以我借用了網球的專有名詞。照片這個叫做「正手拍」，它的勁力走向，是手臂往軀幹中線收縮捲進來。
Because there is not much clear traditional definition for MD's two-handed holding description, I borrow the terms from tennis. This is called "Forehand" in tennis, the internal power flow is contracting & curling toward the center line of your body trunk.
所以當你持刀的雙手，或上提上撩、或下攔下斬，雙臂是呈相對平行的狀況，我們命名為「正手刀」。
When your arms show relatively parallel, we call this "Forehand", it could be up or down, defensive or offensive moves.
照片這個叫做「反手拍」，它的勁力走向，是手臂遠離軀幹中線，通常以鞭勁甩開、軀幹外翻擴張。
This is called "Backhand" in tennis, the internal power flow is flipping out & whipping away from the center line of your body trunk.
所以當你持刀的雙手，或上提上撩、或下攔下斬，雙臂是呈相對交叉的狀況，我們命名為「反手刀」。在反手刀的場合，後手也通常因為角度問題，需要鬆開一下、或改變持握的中線角度。
When your arms show relatively crossing to each other, we call this "Backhand", it could be up or down, defensive or offensive moves. Your back hand usually needs to lose or adjust to different holding angles in backhand situation.
再來我們要特別討論的，是傳統北派武術，不論兵器與徒手都尊從的一個基本原則，叫做「三尖相照」，有時也簡稱為「三尖對」。意思是不論攻守，除了極少數的例外動作，你的鼻尖(代表軀幹中線)、前腳尖、以及前手(兵器的話就是尖刃)，在正面看去，應該三者要對齊在中垂線上。
There is a common principle followed by all Northern Style Traditional Chinese Martial Art: "3 Points on a Vertical Line", no matter bare-hands or weapons forms. When we stand right in front of you to observe, your nose(it indicates your trunk center line), front toes, and front hand(tips of the blades if meaning weapons), 3 of them have to align on a vertical line. (still might have very few exception)
「三尖相照」有防禦與攻擊的雙重意義。就防禦來說，這個原則會縮小可以被攻擊的範圍面積；就攻擊發勁的觀點，鼻尖+前腳尖+前手尖對住，代表身體重心+移動方向+攻擊落點，所有的動能可以合而為一。
您如果有看網球、排球、高爾夫球的話，基本上他們發力也是以類似的原則。
"3 Points on a Vertial Line" has benefits both in defense & offense: This posture will narrow the area you'd be attacked, also coodinate your weight center(nose), your moving direction(front toes), and contact points(front hand), make all the strength & momentum merging together.
Tennis, volleyballs, golf basically use similar principle to deliver power.
但是在苗刀，或是其他的兵器，有不少的機率，你可能會見到一些看起來好像不符合三尖相照的例外。這張照片是與前一張一樣的虛步上提，可是他的刀尖卻不在中線上。
But in MD or other weapons' forms, you could see some postures like this picture: Similar to the previous picture but the sharp tip doesn't aim on the center line.
其實他還是有作到三尖相照，只是前手尖不是刀尖，而是刀身的中間。因為動作的起承轉合，他的下一個動作，預期將會採取守勢，以刀身中段與敵刀作第一次接觸(徒手武術專有名詞、叫做「搭橋」)，所以「前手尖」的概念在兵器應用上，未必全是尖端末梢，也可能是「預期即將搭橋的位置」。
He still matches the requirement of 3 points on a vertical line: Only the tip of weapon becomes the middle part of the blade. This posture means he expects the first contact to enemy's weapon he gonna make(in Kung-Fu terms it's called "Building the Bridge"), which will be the middle of the body. "The Front Hand/Front Tip" idea in weapons-fighting could mean the part you expect to build a bridge to your enemy's weapon.
這種以「預期即將搭橋的位置」的上提招式，在長槍與劍法是很常見的防禦動作。
The Lifting-up on "the expected part to build the bridge" is often seen in Spear or Sword defensive techniques.
這張照片是看起來類似「提」，但我命名為「掛」的動作(提與掛的差別，下一篇再介紹)，左邊是正手掛，右邊是反手掛。
This posture similar to previous movement "Lifting Up"(Ti), but I name this "Hang Up"(Gua), I'll explain their differences in next article. The left is "Forehand Gua", the right is "Backhand Gua".
在掛的動作，他的主要訴求是將敵人由上而下的強力劈砍，盡量不予承接或硬抗，而讓敵人的動能順勢落下，不給敵人有借力、反彈的支撐點，而得以迅速轉換招式的機會。所以他的刀尖會垂低趨近垂直，以大幅度降低格架的阻力，整個刀身都可能是搭橋處。
這是標準的「刀法防禦動作」，內感上、你要感覺整個刀身像是一面盾牌，將對方的力量卸掉，而且敵勁不會吃到你的刀身太多，以預防刀身被對方硬闔猛砍而敲斷。(不要忘記前一篇介紹的基本原則，你永遠要假設你拿的兵器品質不好)
The whole body could be the contact point to build the bridge in Gua: Facing a powerful chopping, he needs to drop the tip & form a steep slope vertically to guide enemy's inertia out & slide downward. Gua is one of the typical "Saber Defensive Techniques", the internal sensation is like as if your saber were like a shield.
If you offer a solid landing contact point to your enemy, either his weapon can break yours(previous article: always assume your weapon sucks), or he can borrow the resistant point as a fulcrum to change movements quickly.
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